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22.02(06.03).1857 — 14.09.1928
Российский ботаник, почвовед и географ. Ученик А. Н. Бекетова и В. В. Докучаева.
В 1883 году окончил Петербургский университет.
С 1885 года работал в департаменте земледелия министерства государственных
имуществ и участвовал в многочисленных экспедициях по России. С 1895 года работал в
Петербургском ботаническом саду и одновременно в Петербургском университете;
с 1905 года — профессор Новороссийского (Одесского) университета.
Исследования в области ботанической географии посвящены вопросам взаимоотношения леса и степи,
леса и тундры. В труде „Пределы лесов на юге России“ (1894) объяснил безлесие
степей высокой щёлочностью почвы и подпочвы, связанной в первую очередь с сухим климатом,
а надвигание леса на степь — выщелачиванием почвы у лесных опушек.
В другой работе „Пределы лесов в полярной России по исследованиям в тундре тиманских
самоедов“ (1911) Танфильев объяснил безлесие тундры заболачиванием лесных опушек и
последующим развитием вечной мерзлоты, губящей корни деревьев. Ему принадлежит также ряд
трудов по исследованию болот, в которых дано подробное описание истории образования болот.
Много сделал в области ботанико-географического картирования. Его работа „Главнейшие
черты растительности России“ (1902)
является одной из первых сводок по растительному покрову страны;
ему принадлежит также сводка по географии и истории культурных растений.
В области географии последовательно разрабатывал докучаевское учение о зонах природы,
предложил одну из первых схем физико-географического
районирования Европейской России (1897) и всей России (1903); автор сводного труда
„География России“ (4 книги, 1916—1924).
Развивая направление Докучаева в почвоведении, разработал новые методы исследования в этой области.
Был активным деятелем многих научных обществ; с 1911 года — президент
Новороссийского общества естествоиспытателей. Именем Танфильева назван остров в группе
Курильских островов.
Биографический словарь деятелей естествознания и техники. Т. 2. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1958. С. 260.
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Географiя Россiи.
Часть I. Введенie.
Исторiя изслѣдованiя. Учрежденiя и изданiя. Картографiя.
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© 2008—2024 Фонд „Математические этюды“. Коммерческое использование запрещено.
Поддержка: Фонд „Династия“, Математический институт им. В. А. Стеклова РАН.
Идея: Николай Андреев. Реализация: Роман Кокшаров.
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