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Frederick SODDY
02.09.1877, Истборн — 22.09.1956
Английский физик и химик, один из пионеров радиоактивности, член Лондонского королевского
общества (1910). Окончил Оксфордский университет (1898). В 1900—1903 годах работал
в МакГиллском университете (Монреаль), в 1903—1914 годах — в университете
Глазго, в 1914—1919 годах — профессор Абердинского университета,
в 1919—1936 годах — Оксфордского.
Работы посвящены радиоактивности, химии изотопов, атомной и ядерной физике, истории физики.
Совместно с Э. Резерфордом (1902) открыл новый радиоактивный элемент
торий‑Х (радий‑224) и доказал химическую инертность
двух радиоактивных газов — радона‑220 и радона‑222. Вместе
с Э. Резерфордом разработал в 1902—1903 годах теорию радиоактивного распада
и сформулировал закон радиоактивных превращений, выразив его в
математической форме. Ввёл понятие „период полураспада“.
Вместе с У. Рамзаем методом спектроскопии доказал в 1903 году наличие гелия в
продуктах излучения радия (образование гелия из радона). Доказал связь
семейств актиния и урана. Сформулировал (1911)
альфа-правило. Независимо от К. Фаянса установил в 1913 году правило
смещения при радиоактивном распаде (закон Содди—Фаянса). Ввёл (1913) понятие об
изотопах и доказал существование стабильных изотопов у свинца, предсказал (1917) изомеры.
Экспериментально доказал (1915), что радий образуется из урана. Совместно с Д. Крэнстоном и
независимо от О. Гана и Л. Мейтнер открыл (1917) протактиний.
В честь Содди назван минерал соддит (силикат урана).
Работы относятся также к математике и механике (1921). Занимался исследованием
социальных, экономических и политических проблем.
Нобелевская премия по химии (1921). Иностранный член-корреспондент АН СССР (1924),
член Шведской Академии наук и Академии деи Линчеи.
Ю. А. Храмов. Физики: Биографический справочник. — М.: Наука, 1983. С. 250—251.
В. А. Волков, Е. В. Вонский, Г. И. Кузнецова. Выдающиеся химики мира: Биографический справочник. — М.: Высшая школа, 1991. С. 412—413.
Биографический словарь деятелей естествознания и техники. Т. 2. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1958. С. 231—232.
1881 — 1944
Российский физик.
Окончил с дипломом 1‑й степени физико-математический факультет Московского
университета в 1904 году и оставлен при кафедре физики для подготовки к профессорскому
званию. В 1906 году назначен на должность ассистента (лаборанта) кафедры физики Одесских
высших женских курсов, где работал до 1913 года, а затем был избран преподавателем
физики и секретарём физико-математического факультета этих же курсов, где проработал до
1920 года. В 1910 году получил учёное звание приват-доцента физико-математического
факультета Новороссийского университета. В 1917 году избран штатным доцентом кафедры
физики Новороссийского университета. В 1920 году утверждён проректором университета.
В 1921 году назначен профессором кафедры физики Одесского химико-фармацевтического
института. В 1925 году утверждён профессором по кафедре физики Одесского медицинского
института. По совместительству с 1933 года работал профессором, заведующим кафедрой
теоретической физики Одесского университета, института инженеров связи (с 1937 года),
заведующим отделом и заместителем директора физического института (с 1935 года),
заведующим кафедрой теоретической физики физико-математического института.
Професори Одеського (Новоросiйського) унiверситету: Бiогр. слов. Т. 4: Р—Я. — Одеса, 2000. С. 314—316.
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Радiй и его разгадка.
Переводъ съ англiйскаго подъ редакцiей лаборанта Императорскаго Новороссiйскаго Университета Д. Д. Хмырова.
Выдающiяся качества этой книги были нами указаны… Переводъ никакихъ замѣчанiй не вызываетъ. Огромное значенiе радiоактивныхъ явленiй и тотъ интересъ, который вызвало ихъ открытiе, даютъ право надѣяться, что переводъ найдетъ у насъ широкiй кругъ читателей.
Проф. О. Хвольсонъ. Журналъ Министерства Народнаго Просвещенiя, октябрь 1911.
Книга относится къ числу тѣхъ чрезвычайно цѣнныхъ и рѣдкихъ сочиненiй, которыя написаны большимъ знатокомъ и выдающимся дѣятелемъ въ разсматриваемой области, — при томъ съ глубокимъ вниманiемъ къ запросамъ всякаго „образованнаго“ человѣка. Не прибѣгая къ математическимъ формуламъ и выкладкамъ, конечно, неизбѣжнымъ при болѣе спецiальномъ знакомствѣ съ дѣломъ, — авторъ въ увлекательномъ изложенiи вводитъ читателя въ необыкновенно заманчивую область, очерчиваемую явленiями атомнаго распада и радiоактивности.
Книга снабжена многими фототипическими снимками съ натуры. Пepeводъ ея производитъ въ общемъ хорошее впечатлѣнiе.
Н. Дрентельнъ. Педагогическiй Сборникъ, мартъ 1911.
| 1910 годъ. VII+190 стр. 8°. Съ 31 рисункомъ. 1915 годъ. XVI+185 стр. 8°. Съ 33 рисунками. 1923 год. 3-е издание. Под названием „Радий и строение атома“. |
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Поддержка: Фонд „Династия“, Математический институт им. В. А. Стеклова РАН.
Идея: Николай Андреев. Реализация: Роман Кокшаров.
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